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The COVID-19 pandemic halted scientific research across the world, revealing the vulnerabilities of field-based disciplines to disruption. To ensure resilience in the face of future emergencies, archaeology needs to be more sustainable with international collaboration at the forefront. This article presents a collaborative data collection model for documenting lithics using digital photography and physical measurements taken in-situ by local collaborators. Data capture protocols to optimise standardisation are outlined, and guidelines are provided for data curation, storage and sharing. Adopting collaborative research strategies can have long-term advantages beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, by encouraging knowledge-sharing between international collaborators, decreasing emissions associated with archaeological research, and improving accessibility for those who are not able to travel for access to international samples. This article proposes that archaeology should use the COVID-19 pandemic as a catalyst for change through encouraging deeper collaborations and the development of remote models of science as a complement to in-person research.
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Bitcoin was created in 2008 as the first decentralized cryptocurrency, providing an innovative data management technology, which was later named blockchain. It ensured data validation without intervention from intermediaries. During its early stages, it was conceived as a financial technology by most researchers. It was not until 2015, when the Ethereum cryptocurrency was officially launched worldwide, along with its revolutionary technology called smart contracts, that researchers began to change their perception of the technology and look for uses outside the financial world. This paper analyzes the literature since 2016, one year after Ethereum, analyzing the evolution of interest in the technology to date. For this purpose, a total of 56,864 documents created between 2016 and 2022 from four major publishers were analyzed, providing answers to the following questions. Q1: How has interest in blockchain technology increased? Q2: What have been the major blockchain research interests? Q3: What have been the most outstanding works of the scientific community? The paper clearly exposes the evolution of blockchain technology, making it clear that, as the years go by, it is becoming a complementary technology instead of the main focus of studies. Finally, we highlight the most popular and recurrent topics discussed in the literature over the analyzed period of time.
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PurposeThe main purpose of this research paper is to generate a holistic bibliometric study of the tourism industry and COVID-19 fields, to further investigate the current interests and trends emerging from scientific collaboration and thematic analysis and to identify research gaps that indicate future research directions. Design/methodology/approachThis study conducts several analyses, which include the co-authorship and social network analysis, co-citation and keyword co-occurrence knowledge structures. The authors generate a knowledge map of the leading articles and link them with previous literature to elucidate the debates and consensus in research on COVID-19 and tourism. FindingsResearch interests concentrate in the USA, China, Europe and the Oceania areas, so more cross-continental collaborations are expected among them and with other regions. Popular topics are tourism sustainable transformation, crisis management and multidisciplinary fields like tourism, hospitality, information technology and environmental sciences. This paper also identifies underexplored topics for future investigation on the social, environmental, cultural and governance dimensions of sustainable tourism. Research limitations/implicationsThis paper contributes to guiding tourism researchers in identifying and finding publication references and future collaborations. Moreover, the investigation of knowledge structures could be beneficial for scholars hoping to broaden the current understanding of this field and discover potential for future tourism research, especially in the global pandemic and other severe health crises. Originality/valueThis study enriches the existing literature in the fields of tourism and the pandemic and highlights current interests and research trends exploring scientific collaboration, thematic analysis and knowledge mapping.
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The current rapid progress of science and technology has been made possible through the extensive and increasing practice of international scientific collaboration in its multiple forms. Acknowledging the latter's importance, most countries make it part of their internationalization policies. With development demands to further science capacities, and global problems becoming more complex, the science–foreign policy nexus has deepened in its conceptual and practical approaches, giving rise to the evolving concept and prominence of science diplomacy. Though science has been "used for years for international relations purposes around the world, science diplomacy has become a new term for an old concept”, today it is a key tool to promote closer relations between nations, define common global goals, and as support to the internationalization of science and foreign policies. With the COVID-19 crisis, science diplomacy has gained renewed importance and calls for new approaches like the further development of "science of science diplomacy” or the inclusion of new policy support tools such as foresight. Developing countries formulating their science and foreign policies can benefit from an overview of internationalization, scientific collaboration, the existing science diplomacy concepts and practices, and the development of new approaches contributing to a better understanding of the science–foreign policy nexus. © 2023, The Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries.
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The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of 2020 poses a significant threat to the health and safety of people worldwide. Given the speed and scope of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries around the world have carried out scientific collaboration in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper divides academic discourse power into academic discourse right and academic discourse impact. The number of published papers reflects the discourse right, and the number of cites reflects the academic discourse impact. The visualization analysis of research papers from 2019 to 2020 describes the worldwide scientific collaboration on COVID-19, and the academic discourse power of authors, institutions, and countries can be studied from the perspective of scientific collaboration. We analyze the scientific collaboration of 27,851 papers related to COVID-19 published during 2019-2020 from the perspectives of authors, institutions, and countries by using HistCite and VosViewer. Pearson correlation analysis is used to study the correlation between scientific collaboration, the number of published papers, and the number of cites. Furthermore, we find that scientific collaboration positively correlates with academic discourse right and academic discourse impact. Based on analysis of author collaboration, institutional collaboration and country collaboration, it was concluded that China has the highest total cites, reflecting its high academic discourse impact during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the USA has the highest number of international collaborators and the highest total number of published papers, reflecting its high discourse right during the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of cites and the number of published papers are significantly positively correlated with the number of collaborators in Pearson correlation of author collaboration, institutional collaboration and country collaboration.This study has presented the global collaboration on the research of COVID-19. We compared academic discourse right and academic discourse impact across different levels of authors, institutions, and countries, concluding that academic discourse right and academic discourse impact are significantly positively correlated with the number of collaborators. © 2022 ACM.
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Contact tracing is a monitoring process including contact identification, listing, and follow-up, which is a key to slowing down pandemics of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. In this study, we use the scientific collaboration network technique to explore the evolving history and scientific collaboration patterns of contact tracing. It is observed that the number of articles on the subject remained at a low level before 2020, probably because the practical significance of the contact tracing model was not widely accepted by the academic community. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought an unprecedented research boom to contact tracing, as evidenced by the explosion of the literature after 2020. Tuberculosis, HIV, and other sexually transmitted diseases were common types of diseases studied in contact tracing before 2020. In contrast, research on contact tracing regarding COVID-19 occupies a significantly large proportion after 2000. It is also found from the collaboration networks that academic teams in the field tend to conduct independent research, rather than cross-team collaboration, which is not conducive to knowledge dissemination and information flow.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Tuberculosis , COVID-19/epidemiology , Contact Tracing/methods , Humans , PandemicsABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic halted scientific research across the world, revealing the vulnerabilities of field-based disciplines to disruption. To ensure resilience in the face of future emergencies, archaeology needs to be more sustainable with international collaboration at the forefront. This article presents a collaborative data collection model for documenting lithics using digital photography and physical measurements taken in-situ by local collaborators. Data capture protocols to optimise standardisation are outlined, and guidelines are provided for data curation, storage and sharing. Adopting collaborative research strategies can have long-term advantages beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, by encouraging knowledge-sharing between international collaborators, decreasing emissions associated with archaeological research, and improving accessibility for those who are not able to travel for access to international samples. This article proposes that archaeology should use the COVID-19 pandemic as a catalyst for change through encouraging deeper collaborations and the development of remote models of science as a complement to in-person research.
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Based on publication data on coronavirus-related fields, this study applies a difference in differences approach to explore the evolution of gender inequalities before and during the COVID-19 pandemic by comparing the differences in the numbers and shares of authorships, leadership in publications, gender composition of collaboration, and scientific impacts. We find that, during the pandemic: (1) females' leadership in publications as the first author was negatively affected; (2) although both females and males published more papers relative to the pre-pandemic period, the gender gaps in the share of authorships have been strengthened due to the larger increase in males' authorships; (3) the share of publications by mixed-gender collaboration declined; (4) papers by teams in which females play a key role were less cited in the pre-pandemic period, and this citation disadvantage was exacerbated during the pandemic; and (5) gender inequalities regarding authorships and collaboration were enhanced in the initial stage of COVID-19, widened with the increasing severity of COVID-19, and returned to the pre-pandemic level in September 2020. This study shows that females' lower participation in teams as major contributors and less collaboration with their male colleagues also reflect their underrepresentation in science in the pandemic period. This investigation significantly deepens our understanding of how the pandemic influenced academia, based on which science policies and gender policy changes are proposed to mitigate the gender gaps.
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This study attempted to draw the present and future perspective of the COVID-19 vaccine by identifying the most important scientists and their scientific contexts, trends of research topics, and relationships between different entities. METHODS: To achieve this purpose, bibliometric and scientometric techniques were used to analyze 6288 scientific documents contributing to COVID-19 vaccines from the beginning of 2019 to 13 December 2021, indexed in the Web of Science. RESULTS: The United States (US) had the greatest impact by publishing 2104 documents and receiving 32,958 citations. The US and the UK countries had the highest level of scientific collaborations with 192 collaborative studies. The University of Oxford and the Harvard Medical School were the most active institutions, and the University of Oxford and Emory University were the most influential institutions. Pollard AJ and Lambe T had the most publications and the highest citations and h-index. T Lambe, SC Gilbert, M Voysey, and AJ Pollard from the University of Oxford had the highest number of co-authorships. More than 19% of the research was conducted in the field of immunology. The Vaccines journal had the most publications, with 425 articles. The US Department of Health & Human Services granted the most research. In 2019, studies were focused on the topics of COVID-19 virus identification and ways to deal with it; in 2020, studies focused on the topics of COVID-19 and vaccines, whereas in 2021, they focused on the topics of COVID-19 vaccines and their effects, vaccines hesitancy, the role of healthcare workers in COVID-19, as well as discussions about these vaccines in the social media. CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of the most important actors (countries, institutes, researchers, and channels for the release of COVID-19 vaccine studies), research trends, and fields of study on the COVID-19 vaccine can be useful for researchers, countries, and policy makers in the field of science and health to make decisions and better understand these vaccines.
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PurposeThe environment in high-tech industries is highly dynamic, and after COVID-19, it has become even more unpredictable. Hence, it has become critical for firms to develop strategies to cope with a highly dynamic environment. This paper aims to analyze how the impact of the scientific collaboration networks with URIs (universities and research institutes) on firm innovation performance is contingent on technological and market dynamics.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 174 Chinese firms in the new-energy vehicle industry during 2004–2015, the authors applied a random-effects negative binomial modeling approach to model these relationships.FindingsA broad and strong scientific collaboration network promotes firm innovation network effects are contingent on technological and market dynamics. While technological dynamics strengthen the effect market dynamics weaken it due to the different purposes of collaboration for firms and URIs.Practical implicationsFirms should adjust the structure of scientific collaboration networks with URIs when facing different environments. The government should encourage firms to jointly research with diverse URIs and play an active role in stabilizing market environments.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the academic debate on university-industry scientific collaborations. Applying the temporary competitive advantage (TCA) framework, we provide nuances to the literature that studies the factors that condition the effects of networks. This study also adds to the research on firm scientific collaboration networks by measuring networks based on the coauthorship between firms and URIs.
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This paper considers the pattens of international collaboration by analysing publications on COVID-19 published in the first 6 months of the pandemic. The data set comprised articles on COVID-19 indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) downloaded four times between 1 April 2020 and 1 June 2020. The analysis of 5,827 documents revealed that 128 countries, 23,127 authors, and 6,349 institutes published on the pandemic. The data reveal that the three main publishing countries were the USA, China, and England with Italy closely following. Although publication was widely spread, most of the institutions with the highest volume of output were in China. Network analysis showed growth in international cooperation with an average degree of country/region cooperation rising to 23.06 by 1 June. There was also a clear core-periphery structure to international collaboration. Institutional collaboration was shown to be highly regionalized. The data reveal a high and growing incidence of international collaboration on the pandemic.
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In this paper we seek to examine the co-authoring pattern of a select group of researchers that are affiliated with a specific country. By way of making use of standard bibliometric analysis, we explore the publication evolution of all COVID-19-related peer reviewed papers that have been (co)-authored by researchers that are affiliated with Greek institutions. The aim is to identify its advancement over time, the institutions involved and the countries with which the co-authors are affiliated with. The timeframe of the study spans from the moment that WHO Director-General declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a public health emergency of international concern (WHO, 2020. Archived: WHO timeline-covid-19. Retrieved from Archived: Who Timeline-COVID-19. https://www.who.int/news/item/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19. Accessed on 10 May 2020., Archived: WHO timeline-covid-19), January 2020, to October 2020. Findings indicate that there is a steady increase in the number of publications as well as the number of scientific collaborations over time. At a cross-country level, results suggest that the affiliated institutional sectors such as the Higher Education Sector (HES) and the Government Sector (GOV) contributed the most in terms of scientific output. On an international scale, the evolution of the scientific collaboration is imprinted and distributed as a chain of affiliations that linked nations together. Such chains are represented as clusters of countries, in which the scientific connections between different countries can be visualised. It can be reasoned that a significant amount of publications (20%) is affiliated with countries having "traditionally" major scientific impact on the field of Medicine. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11192-021-03952-9.